Elizabethan Catholic Intelligencers, Spain and the Armada of 1597

Recent research on late Reformation English/British Catholics’ engagement in contemporary politics, has, for the most part, focused regicidal schemes or Catholic polemical writings. Espionage activities by Catholics England, however, have been often overlooked. The hundreds of documents endorsed ‘avisos de Inglaterra’ (reports from England), located el archivo general Simancas, are intelligence dossiers about England. These reports were sent to Spain (between 1590–1608) Hugh Owen, a Welsh exile, using information gathered his informants This article seeks introduce ‘avisos’ as genre sources exploring they contained and placing them within their broader context Elizabethan/ Jacobean Catholicism Anglo-Spanish relations. In this largely untapped source history, reaches conclusions how England interacted with Spanish authorities, tried influence war advantage.